When the world’s second-largest economy deepens its alignment with global economic norms, it reinforces the resilience of the multilateral trading system. China’s institutional opening offers a signal: integration, not fragmentation, remains a viable path to stability and shared growth.
by Maya Majueran
As the global landscape fractures under the weight of protectionism, regional conflict and mounting economic volatility, the search for stabilizing forces has grown urgent. In this unsettled environment, China’s evolving development model, anchored in high-quality growth, institutional opening-up and technological sharing, presents a consequential counterpoint to global fragmentation.
Today, China is positioning itself as a provider of global public goods: expanding market access for least-developed economies, deepening cross-border industrial integration, and advancing open-source digital and AI platforms that lower barriers to technological participation.
China is shifting its growth pattern from the previous stage to a more sophisticated, high-quality development model. It is advancing high-level opening-up — not only tariff reduction and manufacturing access but also regulatory alignment, global governance system, and deeper integration with global standards.
This new phase goes beyond expanding trade volumes. It includes aligning domestic regulations with high-standard international economic and trade system, strengthening intellectual property protection, improving data governance frameworks, and orderly opening service sectors such as finance, telecommunications, healthcare and professional services.
Equally significant is the continued shortening of China’s negative list for foreign investment — now reduced to only 29 items alongside the removal of all restrictions in manufacturing. Even amid intensifying geopolitical tensions, China is signaling that its market remains structurally open and institutionally predictable.
When the world’s second-largest economy deepens its alignment with global economic norms, it reinforces the resilience of the multilateral trading system. China’s institutional opening offers a signal: integration, not fragmentation, remains a viable path to stability and shared growth.
Perhaps the most consequential structural shift underway is China’s transition toward a new development paradigm with domestic demand as the mainstay. The government work report, released during this year’s two sessions, places “building a robust domestic market” first among the major tasks for 2026.
In a volatile global environment, a strong domestic market is not inward retrenchment but a foundation for balanced integration. By relying more on household consumption, China is structurally optimizing its economic balance and better positioned to cushion both itself and its trading partners against external shocks.
When Chinese households spend more on services, cultural industries, advanced manufacturing goods and green products, the effects extend beyond national borders. Stronger domestic demand stimulates imports of energy, raw materials, high-end components and branded goods, generating ripple effects across global supply chains. A more consumption-oriented China does not retreat from globalization; it reshapes it by functioning as a stabilizing demand engine.
China also announced the extension of zero-tariff treatment to the world’s least developed countries. Effective May 1, 2026, 53 African nations will enjoy duty-free access to the Chinese market across 100 percent of tariff lines. Besides, China pledged enhanced trade facilitation measures to help Africa’s least developed countries expand exports, addressing logistical and procedural barriers that often limit real market access. At a time when many advanced economies are tightening preferential regimes or attaching complex conditionalities to trade access, this approach signals a different orientation: lowering entry barriers and integrating developing countries more deeply into global value chains.
China’s outward turn is equally visible in technology. At the 2025 Consumer Electronics Show, Chinese firms positioned themselves as advocates of open-source artificial intelligence. Alibaba released its Qwen series as open-weight models, catalyzing tens of thousands of derivative adaptations worldwide. DeepSeek followed with openly licensed reasoning models designed to lower entry barriers to advanced AI capabilities.
By contributing to the global digital commons and encouraging collaborative innovation, China is positioning itself as a counterweight to technological concentration. The proposition is that AI, like earlier general-purpose technologies, should function as shared development infrastructure rather than an exclusive strategic asset.
China’s development strategy today seeks deeper integration — economic, institutional and technological — with a world in need of stabilizing anchors. By widening service-sector access, strengthening domestic consumption, granting zero-tariff treatment to the developing countries, and contributing to the digital commons, China is advancing a model in which national development and the provision of global public goods reinforce one another.
Developing countries are faced with a choice in today’s world. Some paths are characterized by conditional access, sudden reversals and transactional hierarchy, while the path China is progressively constructing emphasizes predictability, capacity-building and partnership. In a turbulent century, serious consideration is needed in the face of this choice.
Editor’s note: Maya Majueran serves as the director of the Belt and Road Initiative Sri Lanka, an independent and pioneering organization with strong expertise in Belt and Road Initiative advice and support.
The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Xinhua News Agency.■
