Research is being conducted on the role of neuro-immune interactions in central nervous system repair, with a focus on understanding the relationship between neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies are exploring the complex interactions between different cell types and systems, including the complement system and myeloid cells, in various contexts such as retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration. The use of advanced techniques like single-cell and spatial transcriptomics is helping to decipher the complexity of brain function and disease.