Research is being explored on the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Various approaches are being investigated, including the use of nanoparticles, exosomes, and hydrogels to support stem cell activity and overcome challenges such as the blood-brain barrier. The effectiveness of these therapies is being studied in different models, including spinal cord injury and cerebral ischemia, with some studies focusing on the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.