Research is being conducted on the use of porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, with a focus on cytoskeletal regulation on polycaprolactone/graphene scaffolds. Another study has explored the use of 3D-printed scaffolds made from a combination of materials, including polycaprolactone, magnesium, and laponite, for coupled osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The materials and approaches being used in these studies appear to vary, with some using graphene and others using magnesium and laponite.