Researchers are exploring various methods to address corneal endothelial dysfunction, including the use of endothelial-mesenchymal transformed cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Studies are investigating the derivation of corneal endothelial cells from different sources, such as skin-derived precursors and embryonic stem cells. The development of tissue-engineered human corneal endothelial grafts and advancements in bioengineering techniques, like descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, are also being reported.