Research is being conducted on active devices and systems for closed-loop neuromodulation, which involves the use of brain-computer interfaces and neurostimulation to treat neurological disorders. Various studies and technologies are being developed and validated, including brain implants and bioelectronic devices, to improve the field of neuromodulation. The applications and potential of these technologies are being explored, with some focusing on implantable devices and others on wearable systems for treating conditions such as addiction.