Research suggests that bile acids may play a role in regulating microglia, a type of immune cell in the brain, by attenuating a specific pathway involved in proinflammatory responses. The relationship between glucose metabolism and microglia activation is also being explored, with studies indicating that imbalances in glucose metabolism may contribute to the transition of microglia to a disease-associated state. The gut-brain axis and its potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases are also being investigated in related research.