Research is being conducted on the development, diversity, and dysregulation of brain macrophages in relation to various health and disease conditions. Studies suggest that macrophage dysregulation may be linked to several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and schizophrenia. The role of macrophages in brain health and disease is being explored through various models and approaches, including the study of microglia, lipid metabolism, and the gut microbiota.