A genome-wide association study of peptic ulcer disease has found implications for helicobacter pylori infection, as well as connections to other gastrointestinal disorders and depression. The study's findings are supported by various analyses, including cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analyses and mendelian randomization studies. These studies also suggest shared biological pathways and genetic architecture between gastrointestinal disorders and other conditions, including psychiatric and non-gastrointestinal diseases.