Genetic research is providing new insights into the origins of Tibetans and Sherpas in the Himalayan region. The studies suggest a recent Tibetan ancestry for Sherpas, and explore the genetic structure and adaptations of highland Tibetans. However, the findings also raise questions about the possible origins of high-altitude adaptations, with some research hinting at the involvement of an ancient human species, while others highlight differences in adaptation patterns among various high-altitude populations.