Research has found that deficiencies in certain nutrients, including methionine, tryptophan, and niacin, affect the intestinal transcriptome and gut microbiota in female mice. The impact of nutritional deficiencies on gut health is also being studied in other animals, such as neonatal piglets, where gut variability is linked to metabolic and transcriptional changes. The relationship between nutrient deficiencies and gut health appears to be an area of ongoing research across different species.