Research is examining the environmental and nutritional implications of replacing meat and dairy with alternatives, with some studies suggesting that reduced consumption of these products can improve health and environmental outcomes without increasing diet costs. The potential benefits of a more plant-based diet are being explored in various contexts, including its impact on emissions, land use, and nutritional adequacy. Studies in different countries, including Scotland, Germany, Spain, and the UK, are investigating the effects of substituting meat and dairy with plant-based alternatives on sustainability and human health.