Research is being conducted on the use of exo-nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment. Various strategies are being explored, including the use of exosomes, macrophage-based therapies, and smart nanocarriers, to target and regulate tumor growth. Studies are investigating the potential of these approaches to enhance immunotherapy outcomes for different types of cancer, including glioblastoma and solid cancers.