Research on gene therapy vector evolution is underway, with a focus on adeno-associated viruses and their potential use in various therapies, including treatments for tumors and neuromuscular diseases. The development of new vectors and techniques, such as in vivo site-specific engineering and retargeting, is being explored. Studies are also investigating ways to improve the delivery and efficacy of gene therapy, including the use of artificial intelligence and the development of second-generation gene delivery vectors.