Increased incarceration rates are reportedly contributing to a growing tuberculosis burden in prisons, potentially jeopardizing overall tuberculosis control, particularly in countries such as Paraguay. The issue of tuberculosis in prisons may have broader implications, with some studies suggesting that mass incarceration can drive tuberculosis epidemics in certain regions. Research on the topic is being conducted globally, with studies examining the impact of incarceration on tuberculosis rates in various countries and regions, including Latin America and Europe.