Research is being conducted on the innate immunity of bile and cholangiocytes in primary biliary cholangitis, with studies examining the roles of various cells and signaling pathways in the disease. The immunological mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis and related liver diseases are being investigated, including the involvement of liver-resident cells and bile acid-activated receptors. Findings may have implications for understanding the disease and developing precision therapeutics, although the complexity of the immunological processes involved is still being unraveled.