Research on long non-coding RNAs is exploring their definitions, functions, and potential applications. Studies are investigating the role of these molecules in various diseases, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma, as well as their involvement in plant stress responses. The findings suggest that long non-coding RNAs may have implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of certain diseases, and may also have potential as therapeutics and biomarkers.