A massive eruption from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcano had significant effects on the atmosphere, including a large amount of water vapor being released into the stratosphere. The eruption's impact on the stratosphere's chemistry and dynamics is still being studied, with some research suggesting it may have triggered unexpected atmospheric changes. The effects of the eruption on the atmosphere and climate are still being examined, with some reports indicating potential short-term temperature changes.