Researchers are exploring the use of nanomaterials to target cancer stem cells, with the goal of overcoming drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Various studies are investigating the application of nanomedicines and smart nanoparticles in the treatment of different types of cancer, including bladder, thyroid, lung, and ovarian cancer. The approaches being investigated include the use of functionalized nanocarriers, nanoplatforms, and nanocapsules to co-target multiple pathways and modulate apoptotic pathways.