Research has been conducted on the neurologic toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors, with studies examining various related adverse events, including neuromuscular and neurological effects. Case reports have documented specific conditions, such as cerebellitis, opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome, and central nervous system vasculitis, in patients treated with these inhibitors. The incidence, outcomes, and warning strategies for these events are being evaluated in different patient populations, including those with head and neck cancer and invasive ductal carcinoma.