research suggests that short-chain fatty acid-producing microbes may play a role in distinguishing between non-infectious and infectious neutropenic fever in leukemia patients. the gut microbiota is also being studied for its potential impact on cancer immunity and immunotherapy, as well as its involvement in infectious complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. the relationship between intestinal microbiota and immune function is a subject of ongoing research, with studies exploring various aspects of their interaction.