Research is being conducted on combining theranostics with radiation therapy to treat cancer. Studies are exploring various approaches, including the use of nanoparticles, hyperpolarized MRI, and near-infrared-IIb emitting nanoprobes, to enhance radiotherapy and limit cancer recurrence and metastasis. These developments involve different materials, such as hafnium-based nanomaterials, and techniques to promote immunogenic radiotherapy and abscopal effects against cancer metastasis.