Research on colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease, has yielded various findings on its pathogenesis and potential treatments. Some studies suggest that certain compounds, such as astragaloside IV and peiminine, may ameliorate colitis symptoms by regulating energy metabolism or suppressing inflammatory pathways. The role of different cellular pathways, including macrophage extracellular trap-independent pathways and Wnt signaling, is also being explored in understanding the disease and developing potential treatments.