Research suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a role in task-switching, with some studies indicating that prediction-error signals in this region drive the adjustment in behavior. The cortex appears to combine outcome monitoring of past decisions with movement signals, and may also be involved in encoding reward prediction errors and modulating task-switching performance. The specific mechanisms and functions of the anterior cingulate cortex in decision making and task switching are still being explored, with studies in mice, rats, and macaques contributing to the understanding of its neural substrates.