Researchers have used proteomics to study advanced atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques, revealing spatial and molecular heterogeneities. The use of spatial proteomics and transcriptomics has allowed for a more detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular composition of these plaques. Studies have also explored the application of spatial omics in the cardiovascular system, including the analysis of plaque macrophage states and the metabolism-immune axis, although it is unclear if these specific findings are directly related to the carotid artery plaques.