Research is being conducted on the use of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells to treat various diseases. The potential therapeutic applications of these vesicles appear to be broad, with studies exploring their use in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the treatment of wounds, tumors, kidney diseases, and other conditions. The progress and potential of mesenchymal stem cell therapy and its derived extracellular vesicles are being investigated in multiple fields, including regenerative medicine and disease treatment.