Research is exploring the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis, including their potential mechanisms and impact on vascular dysfunction. The involvement of S100A8/A9 in this process is also being investigated, with possible links to mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial cell damage. The study of neutrophil extracellular traps is not limited to sepsis, as they are also being examined in the context of other conditions, including long COVID.