Research on cancer screening has yielded various findings, including the potential benefits of self-collected samples in cervical cancer screening and the importance of follow-up after abnormal results. Studies have also explored trends in over- and under-screening for cervical cancer, as well as strategies for optimizing benefits and minimizing burdens in colorectal and lung cancer screening. The effectiveness of different approaches to cancer screening and follow-up is being examined in various contexts, including rural China, Australia, and Rwanda.