A multivalent mRNA-LNP vaccine has been developed that protects against Clostridioides difficile infection. The vaccine has been shown to be effective in clearing colonization and preventing infection in some studies, although the specific context and subjects of these studies are unclear. Some research also suggests that similar mRNA-LNP vaccines may be effective against other bacterial infections, but it is unclear if the C. difficile vaccine has been tested in humans or only in animal models.