Research is exploring the role of glycolytic reprogramming during microglial polarization in neurological diseases, with studies investigating various aspects of this process, including metabolic control of neuroinflammation and the potential for therapeutic targets. The involvement of specific molecules and mechanisms, such as PKM2 and lactylation, is being examined in relation to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The findings suggest a complex interplay between metabolic and immune processes in the development of neurological diseases.