Research is exploring the relationship between the gut microbiome and acute leukemia, including how changes in microbiota may impact patient outcomes. Studies have identified patterns of dysbiosis and metabolite production that may differentiate between infectious and non-infectious neutropenic fever in leukemia patients. The gut microbiome's role in hematopoietic cell transplantation and its potential as a biomarker for febrile neutropenia outcomes are also being investigated.