Researchers have proposed that fault size-dependent fracture energy can explain the occurrence of multiscale seismicity and cascading earthquakes. However, other studies suggest that additional factors, such as dynamic restrengthening, fault heterogeneity, and foreshock-induced slip transients, may also contribute to the complexity of earthquake behavior. The relationship between these factors and earthquake dynamics is still being explored, with various mechanisms being considered to explain observed seismic phenomena.