Research suggests that the load of mutational and putative neoantigens may be a predictor of the clinical benefit of adoptive T cell therapy in melanoma. The prognostic value of neoantigen load is also being explored in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer. Studies are investigating various factors, including tumour mutational burden and mutational clonality, to better understand their impact on the response to immunotherapy and identify potential biomarkers for personalized cancer treatment.