Research suggests that neutrophil extracellular traps may serve as biomarkers for predicting prognosis and chemotherapy response in various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. The role of these traps is also being explored in other diseases, such as those affecting the female reproductive organs and sepsis-induced coagulopathy. Studies are investigating the potential of neutrophil extracellular traps as predictors and targets of therapy in different conditions, with some focusing on their relationship to tumor-infiltrating immune cells.