Research is exploring the relationship between the cervical microbiome, HIV status, and precancerous lesions, with studies investigating various factors, including the impact of gut microbiota and high-risk human papillomavirus. The cervical microbiome is being examined in different populations, including women living with HIV in various regions, such as Ethiopia and Nigeria. The findings suggest that the cervical microbiota may play a role in cervical cancer development, although the specific relationships between these factors are still being investigated.