Researchers are exploring strategies to target and eradicate latent HIV-1 reservoirs in the central nervous system. Studies suggest that microglial cells in the brain may be a key reservoir for the virus, and various approaches, including CRISPR-Cas9 and nanoparticle delivery, are being investigated to reactivate and eliminate latent HIV-1 infection. The success of these HIV-1 cure strategies is being measured and reported, with progress and challenges noted in the use of different therapeutic targeting methods.