Researchers are exploring the use of infrared illumination for neuromodulation, including its potential application in epilepsy models. Studies have investigated various methods, including pulsed and continuous infrared illumination, as well as the use of nanoparticles and optoelectronic devices. The effectiveness of different approaches, including low-intensity and high-powered near-infrared light, is being examined in various contexts, including brain injury and retinal neuromodulation.