India's research and development (R&D) spending has crossed 0.8% of GDP for the first time since 2010, a level last seen in 2009-10. Official data also show a structural shift: private industry's share of national R&D rose from 45.5% in 2021-22 to 51.8% in 2023-24 — the first time businesses have spent more on research than all levels of government combined.
Nabka Insight
The R&D-to-GDP milestone and private sector overtaking government spending are S&T/economy data points.
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- R&D spending: crossed 0.8% of GDP (first since 2010; last seen 2009-10)
- Private industry share: 45.5% (2021-22) to 51.8% (2023-24)
- Milestone: businesses now spend more than all governments combined
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